Will warm and decorate your home - a magnificent stove-fireplace for a summer house
When choosing a heat source for a country house, many conditions must be taken into account.
Stoves and fireplaces satisfy most of them - this is reliable heating device, capable of operating autonomously on different types of fuel, supporting additional functions (depending on the model).
Such a fireplace will not only provide effective heating of the room, but will also please with its aesthetic component: the sight of a burning flame will add coziness to long winter evenings at the dacha with your family.
Content
Which stove-fireplace to choose for a summer house
If the main task of the device is high-quality heating of a fairly large area of the home, then it is better to choose a more efficient one. fireplace with closed firebox.
Photo 1. A fireplace stove with an open firebox, made of brick. The device is located in the corner of the room.
They come in the following types:
- Furnace with water circuit. If there is a system of radiators or heated floors, such equipment can heat a fairly large house in 1-2 floors.
- Long burning stove. Due to the pyrolysis combustion process, one batch of firewood lasts for a much longer period of time; this type of device is often connected to an air duct system, which allows heating several rooms.
Suitable for small country houses or for heating a separate room a regular wood burning fireplace with an open firebox — the principle of air flows will allow you to quickly heat the air in the room, and the view of a live fire will bring additional pleasure. The disadvantage of an open firebox is its unsafe and reduced efficiency.
Important! If the heating device must also function as a cooking device, the optimal choice would be a fireplace model. with a closed firebox and hob made of metal ceramics.
Most often, different models of stoves are heated in the following ways: solid fuel (firewood, coal), connection of gas equipment, connection to the power grid.
The most common type of fireplaces are the first type, which work on solid fuel. It is this type of fireplace that is the most cost-effective and provides the possibility of autonomous operation, which will be a big plus in conditions of life outside the city.
By material of manufacture fireplaces are divided into three main types:
- Cast iron. They are made by casting and are characterized by their large weight and massiveness, but are the most durable and long-lastingCast iron fireplace walls retain heat longer.
- Steel. They are welded from thick sheets of steel and are easier to install than cast iron ones, but cool down faster during operationSteel has the property of being oxidized over time by combustion products.
- Brick. The classic version of a stove with a fireplace, considered ideal by many. The disadvantage can be considered the high cost of installation and the need for a specially equipped foundation.
The variety of shapes and sizes of modern fireplace stoves will allow you to choose an option that suits any interior.
How to install a ready-made device
The stove with a fireplace is successfully placed in different parts of the room. It is especially popular corner arrangement (or near one of the walls), but if there is no connection to the air duct or water circuit, it will be more effective to place the fireplace stove closer to the center of the room. Of great importance is chimney location: it is better to organize it so that the pipe comes out at the ridge or at the edge of the roof.
The order of installation of the finished fireplace:
- Preparing the site. On the selected section of the premises, a platform of non-combustible material is laid out (with an area of 20-30 cm more than the area of the stove). Ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, glass-magnesite, and steel sheets are suitable for this task. It is better to cover the walls in the place where the stove will be located with heat-resistant material or lay tiles.
- Chimney laying. The outer part of the pipe must be insulated, it is best to lay a brick casing. The chimney pipe itself must be reliably protected with heat-resistant material from contact with wooden parts of ceilings and walls.
- Connection. The stove is installed on the prepared site and the chimney is connected. If necessary, the stove can be equipped with a hob and a water circuit can be connected.
For installation in a country house, the most common model chosen is a conventional wood-burning fireplace or a long-burning one.
Scheme of a conventional wood stove with a fireplace
Because of low efficiency open fire wood burning fireplaces are usually installed for decorative purposes; most of the heat during combustion leaves through the chimney, and the room is heated by the heat of the open fire and immediately cools down when the flame burns out.
The firebox of such a device should be wide and shallow enough, and a firebox is installed in its upper part. protective spark arrester.
If a stove with a closed firebox is installed, the heating efficiency increases. several times. In this case, the oven door is made of fireproof transparent glass, which allows you to admire the flame.
A device like this is often installed above the firebox. hot air trap box — the flows exit through the side grilles and circulate inside the box, heating its walls and creating an additional heating element. Such a box must be located at a safe distance from the ceiling (not less than 30 cm).
Long burning wood stove: the best in the rating for use in the country
Such devices must have closed type of firebox and regulation of air supply, and the combustion chamber itself consists of two sections. In the first, equipped with a door-window, the fuel burns and smolders, in the second, the gases released during combustion are burned out, mixed with oxygen.
The duration of such a combustion process is much longer than usual (until 8-12 am), and the temperature in the combustion chamber can reach 1000 degrees. This allows not only to heat the room using air flows, but also to effectively use the water circuit system.
In long-burning stoves, air is taken from the upper part of the firebox, so the wood does not ignite in its entire volume, but slowly smoldering, starting from the top layer. For heating with such devices, both ordinary firewood and various trimmings, sawdust, chips, peat briquettes are suitable. Due to its power, economy and autonomy, a long-burning fireplace is an ideal choice for heating a country house.
Photo 2. Drawing of a stove with a long-burning fireplace with a closed firebox. Front and side views.
How to build a fireplace with your own hands
If you decide to build a fireplace with your own hands, the first thing you should do is decide on a project. To do this, A number of criteria must be taken into account:
- Area of the premises. Depending on the size of the house, you can choose a fireplace with an open or closed firebox, calculate fuel tank volume And chimney cross-section diameter.
- Functional. It is necessary to decide whether the stove with a fireplace will only perform the task of heating, or will also serve for cooking and heating water.
- Efficiency. If high-quality heating with low fuel consumption is a priority, it is better to choose a long-burning fireplace, although it is more difficult to make yourself.
The material for a stove with a fireplace is most often brick, but it is also possible to make a fireplace from steel sheets.
- Brick. Suitable for the walls of the stove ceramic, but the firebox and adjacent areas must be lined fireclay heat-resistant brick. This is especially true for long-burning fireplaces, where the temperature reaches high values.
- Steel. For welding the firebox, sheets of thickness are used 3-5 mm, for the outer walls of the stove, thinner steel is suitable.
To make a fireplace of any type, you will need additional parts - purchased in special stores metal grilles, flaps, doors made of thermal glass.
Construction stages
For self-production fireplace made of metal it is necessary to adhere to correct sequence of work. To prepare the place on the floor, a pedestal is built from brick or stone, a platform is made from ceramic tiles or other non-combustible materials. The walls around the fireplace are covered with heat-resistant material, laid out with ceramic tiles or bricks.
Photo 3. Drawing of metal fireplace parts indicating the dimensions of each element.
The steel sheets are bent and welded according to the drawing, forming the side walls of the firebox of the fireplace. The back wall and ash pan are welded to them (the ash pan is welded from thin steel 0.5 mm thick). A thick grate is installed above the ash pan, which is the bottom of the firebox.
A hole is made in the front wall of the combustion chamber for the door; a hole of the required diameter is cut in the top wall for chimney.
Legs purchased in advance are welded to a thick steel sheet, then the bottom is welded to the lower part of the body. It is best to do two-layer body: cover the walls of the firebox with thinner steel with a small layer of air (this will reduce the rate at which the fireplace cools down).
The chimney pipe and hinges for the fireplace door are welded. The pipe is led out onto the roof, and elbows are installed at the bends. All welds are additionally strengthened with heat-resistant sealant.
After the welding work is completed, the assembled fireplace needs to be left to stand. about three weeks, this will have a positive effect on the duration of its further operation.
Self-build brick fireplace It starts with the foundation, which is usually laid at the stage of building the house.
Reference. To build a brick oven with a fireplace, it is recommended to use medium fat clay-sand mortarIt dries slowly, so you can prepare the entire volume required to complete the work.
The foundation of the fireplace should be level with the flooring. A metal sheet and two-layer waterproofing are placed on top of the foundation.
Perform sequential laying of all elements: the base, bottom and walls of the firebox, the vault of the firebox and the chimney.
The masonry is carried out using clay mortar at an average temperature of 15 degreesIt is necessary to carefully adhere to the ordering scheme and check the masonry using a cord and plumb line.
The finished stove with a fireplace is dried about 25 days in a ventilated area, avoiding direct sunlight on the masonry. After drying the first three days The fireplace is heated with small portions of firewood, and only then is it heated at full power.
Possible problems
Possible errors in the choice of material or construction may cause problems.
- Incorrect assembly. Usually expressed in smoke in the room, so it is better not to wait until full operation begins, but to immediately check the draft by burning a small amount of fuel.
- Poor quality materials. May cause cracks to appear when exposed to high temperatures.
- Incorrect calculation of the power of the stove with a fireplace. If a long-burning device is installed in a small room, it will create lack of oxygenThis can be solved by organizing an air duct from the street or installing high-quality ventilation.
- Failure to comply with fire safety measures. May cause fire in the walls and floor adjacent to the fireplace.
Unfortunately, some design problems can only be detected after several months of use.
Rules for safe use
Following simple rules will help you avoid potentially dangerous situations.
If a stove with a fireplace is installed in a wooden house, the room must contain fire extinguisher.
All flammable substances, fabrics and objects should not be placed closer than 1-2 m from the fireplaceThe oven must be equipped with a protective mesh against flying sparks.
Not recommended for use in fireplaces. flammable liquids, which can spill on the floor, and also store them near the fireplace. You can't put out fire with water - hot brick or metal may crack.
Attention! Do not leave small children unattended near the stove, or carry out lighting work while very tired or intoxicated.
To extend the service life, it is recommended to timely clean the fireplace, and at the end and beginning of the heating season, perform a thorough check of the equipment for wear and tear and tightness of the seams. If used correctly, a country fireplace will last for many years and give the household many warm family evenings with the cozy crackling of firewood in a burning flame.
Useful video
Watch a video that shows the design of a stove with a fireplace in a special computer program.
Comments
The stove after firing ensures the maintenance of the optimal temperature for a long time. And properly constructed chimneys and chimney columns allow heating several rooms at the same time.