Sweet fiction or reality: is it possible to connect individual heating in an apartment?
Autonomous heating system - heating the apartment, which works independent of central heating. But it is not always possible to connect it, or you need to collect documents to obtain a special permit.
Content
Types of individual heating in an apartment
Exists three types individual heating systems:
- convector — using electric convectors;
- infrared — using infrared equipment (warm ceilings, panels and baseboards);
- traditional — with installation of the boiler, circuit and radiators.
Third type is used in work more often than the other two.
Advantages
- Heating of premises in the off-season, when the central heating is not yet turned on or has already been turned off according to regulations;
- atsetting a comfortable temperature in your home;
- optimal energy consumption when there are no people in the premises - thanks to the installation of automation, you can heat the home well by the time you return home, and at all other times lower the temperature and save resources;
- You will only have to bear heating costs based on actual use.
Flaws
- Difficulties in obtaining permission for dismantling and installation of the system;
- high cost equipment and works;
- allocation of a separate room for installation of equipment and ventilation;
- high category of installation complexity heating;
- installation may only be carried out by certified professionals;
- prevention and dismantling are entirely the responsibility of the owner;
- strict control from the relevant authorities.
Reference! Even taking into account the costs, individual heating will quickly pay for itself and begin save owner's funds.
Types of boilers for autonomous heating systems
- Single-channel — for heating only.
- Dual-channel — additionally heat water for water supply.
By installation method:
- wall-mounted;
- floor;
- parapet.
Photo 1. Parapet wall-mounted boiler from the manufacturer "Gefest", model KSG-17.5S, equipped with an automatic safety system.
By type of fuel used:
- gas;
- electrical;
- on liquid fuel;
- on solid fuel.
The choice depends on the capabilities of the apartment and boilers that meet the legal requirements: with a closed combustion chamber and automatic safety systems. The temperature of the energy carrier must be not higher than 95 °C, the pressure in the system cannot exceed 1 MPa.
Wall-mounted boiler equipment is used to install the system. Since it is difficult to install chimneys required for solid fuel boilers in an apartment building, the following will be preferable:
- electrical;
- gas.
Photo 2. Wall-mounted gas boiler for individual heating, installed in the kitchen of the apartment.
It is advisable to connect to the boiler forced circulation pump, since the natural flow of the coolant will not provide sufficient pressure in the system; it is technically difficult to meet all the conditions for installing gravity circulation in an apartment.
Divorce
The connection scheme is selected taking into account the capabilities of the apartment.
The most successful and cheapest option would be a simple one - single-pipe or double-pipe Leningradka with series connection of batteries.
It has proven to be the most effective beam type wiring, but in apartments with low ceilings it is not always possible to implement it, since it is necessary to raise the floors.
Attention! When redesigning a system from the central heating, it is possible to completely disconnect only the radiators. It will not be possible to completely remove the riser pipes, and some of the heat from the general system will still get into the apartment. This heat is called "residual", and utility workers have the right to force him to pay.
Is it legal to install in an apartment building?
The installation of autonomous heating is regulated by several federal laws:
- Federal Law No. 190-FZ "On Heat Supply".
- Articles 26–27 of the Housing Code.
- By Government Resolution No. 307.
Where to get permission?
Approval for disconnection from the general heating system and installation of an autonomous one is issued owner of the central system:
- If the owner is an energy company, the application is sent addressed to the company's director.
- Homeowners — permission to refuse from all owners of the housing. It is easier to do this at a general meeting of residents, but in this case you will have to go around all the apartments to collect the required number of signatures.
Reference! Permission is not required if the system has no owner and disconnection from the central system will not violate the rights of other residents.
Approximate list of documents
To refuse heating network services, you will need the following set of documents (Art. 26 of the Housing Code):
- petition-statement, written in free form;
- technical passport for the apartment indicating the location of the heating main in the apartment (a photocopy certified by a notary is acceptable);
- extract from the house register, where all people registered in the apartment are indicated;
- permission from the heat supplier;
- certificate of ownership of real estate;
- consent signed by all owners of the apartment over 18 years of age;
- If the house is an architectural monument, then it will be required permission from the organization for the protection of architectural monuments;
- commission's conclusion.
Important! Regulatory authorities cannot require additional documents beyond the scope of Articles 26.
The package of documents must be accompanied by a technical project for the reconstruction of the system, approved by the gas and heat energy suppliers.
The project shows:
- impact of individual system heat supply for the general (residual heating level from risers and decks);
- thermal hydraulic calculations;
- names a new type of system and its influence on the central system of the house.
If the calculations show the possibility of disconnection, then the project can be given for approval by the municipality.
If the project shows a negative impact on the heating system of the house, it will not be possible to obtain approval.
How to get them?
Obtaining documents occurs according to the following algorithm (observance of the order is mandatory, since each subsequent authority will require documents from the previous one):
- District heating network — issues permission to disconnect from the general heating network.
The consent is issued if the declared project does not violate the engineering structures of neighboring apartments. If an unjustified refusal is issued, it can be appealed in court.
- A letter of consent must be submitted to gas suppliers or power grid to obtain conditions for installation of an autonomous system. Technical documentation is issued within ten days from the date of application.
- Design organization, which develops projects of this type. If a boiler has already been purchased, the technical passport of the device must be provided to the design organization.
Almost all technical requirements imposed by control bodies are prescribed in SNiP 41-01-2003 "Apartment heat supply systems", clause 6.2 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".
Important! The design organization can implement collection and registration all required papers as an additional service.
The collected documents for the permit must be sent to the city administration. This can be done:
- personally;
- with the help of the management company.
A decision on the application is being made within 45 days, after which the authorities have three days to issue a permit or refusal in writing to the applicant.
Municipal authorities are not very willing to give permission to connect heating systems to an apartment. Permission for installation can be obtained in court.
What to do after receiving permission?
After receiving the permitting documentation, you can apply to engineering companies and begin installing the system.
Difficulties
The legislation does not put forward no additional requirements for the number of floors or the specifics of the equipment being installed depending on the floor or type of system.
Just as the equipment itself does not have any special requirements for its installation height.
Problems with autonomous heating may arise for technical reasons due to:
- poor editing;
- poor quality equipment;
- untimely prevention;
- improper maintenance of devices.
Useful video
The video talks about the advantages and disadvantages of an individual heating system in an apartment.
The investment justifies the goal
Individual heating requires a lot of effort, time and investment only at the stage of its installation. Given the instability of the work of public utilities and the constant increase in tariffs, already in two seasons the autonomous system will pay for itself and will start working in the plus, and independence from housing and communal standards and a constant comfortable temperature in the apartment will make life simply pleasant.
