How not to make a mistake with the choice of equipment? Calculation of a gas boiler for a house by area and volume
Gas boiler - universal heat exchanger, providing circulation of hot water for household purposes and heating of the premises.
The device looks like this similar to a small refrigerator.
When installing a heating boiler, it is necessary to correctly calculate its capacity.
Calculation of the capacity of a gas heating boiler for a private house
Convenience and safety of being in a room with a boiler depends on its performance.
So it is necessary to calculate each parameter and install a gas boiler of such power, so that there is enough for the whole room, and, at the same time, do not overdo it with too high indicators.
In any case, you need to take a value greater than the calculated one so that the boiler has power reserveThe unit should not operate at the limit of its characteristics and capabilities, as this will lead to breakdown. in the coming months after purchase. And also consider the chance of abnormal temperatures in your region. And for country houses it would not be superfluous to consider the possibility of expansion and the appearance of new rooms, and therefore - an increase in area in the future.
Boiler performance is measured in kW (Kilowatts). This value is always indicated in the technical documentation of the model.
Attention! It is not recommended to install the boiler if it is outside. low air temperature.
Why calculate power?
Calculating power is very important because Exceeding the thermal power will result in:
- Rapid wear and tear all components of the unit.
- Evaporation of water in the chimney (condensate).
- Deterioration of the gas boiler operation and reduced efficiency.
- Large expenses - powerful models are more expensive on the market.
- Failure of automation at low loads.
Therefore, choose the device carefully and try to find a boiler with the required capacity.
Data for calculation: ceiling height, area, climate and other
- Ceiling height desirable not less than two meters. The room where the unit is located must have fireproof walls. Low ceilings can make the structure unsafe.
- Climate conditions of the region. Each region has its own climate coefficient, and this indicator is used when calculating the power using the formula. For the central part of Russia, this is from 1.2 to 1.5; for the southern regions - about 0.7; and for the northern regions - 1.2—1.5.
- Volume of water for heating also affects the efficiency of the system. The coolant (heated by the boiler) remains in the house, and with it the heat remains.
- Area of the premises — an important parameter. The simplest method of calculation since Soviet times — for every ten square meters. is used 1 kW of energyNow, of course, there are more parameters for calculation, but area remains an important criterion.
Important! When installing a boiler in the kitchen, there is one rule - use only wall views. It is desirable that it have a closed combustion chamber.
- Degree of house insulation and heat loss. Some houses have underfloor heating systems, and household appliances also generate heat. In this case, the performance should be increased at least further by 20%, as strange as it may seem.
Photo 1. Heat loss of a house through its various parts, expressed as a percentage.
- Type of ventilation in the houseThere are special requirements for ventilation when installing the unit - the air volume in the room must change three times per hourFor this, you need a supply and exhaust system and windows with vents.
- When installing When installing a wall-mounted unit, ensure that the walls are strong. When installing a floor-standing boiler, ensure that the floor is fire-resistant and strong.
Attention! Don't forget to do it at the front door hole with a grid for good air exchange.
- Heating premises with a swimming pool not much different from ordinary houses, only the temperature inside no more than 28 °C. If there is greenhouse, then the temperature will have to be compared with the heat-loving nature of the plants in it.
Selecting a formula
In fact, calculating the unit's performance for an ordinary home is not a difficult task. First, they calculate:
- Total area of the premises in square meters (S).
- Climate coefficient (the coefficients are described just above) (KL).
With these parameters, you can find the power by substituting the data into the formula: MK=S*KL/10. MK — productivity in kilowatts. For example, for home in 100 square meters, located in the central part of Russia, MK will be 11 kW.
Important! This formula is suitable for calculating the power of a single-circuit system, only for heating the house. If you need a double-circuit boiler, which in addition to heating will heat water, increase the power even more by 25%.
A more accurate calculation method for an individual building project is MK = Qт*Кз, where:
- Qт — heat loss of the room.
- Kz — a safety factor equal to approximately 1,2.
Heat loss is measured using a different formula: Qт=V*k*Pt, where:
- V — the volume of the building in cubic meters.
- RT — the difference between the external and internal temperatures in degrees Celsius.
- k — another coefficient depending on the building material (dissipation coefficient). For ordinary buildings without thermal insulation it is 3-4, for low thermal insulation (single-layer brick buildings) about 2-2.9; for the average level (ordinary houses) - 1; well, for high levels the coefficient is equal 0.6.
Reference. On the websites of many manufacturers of gas equipment there are special calculators to calculate the required performance. This makes the calculation task much easier.
Calculation of fuel consumption
It is also necessary to calculate fuel consumption. To do this you will need the following data:
- Efficiency — the indicator is displayed in the technical data sheet. The parameter needed for calculation is usually indicated as Hi and he is equal 87-92%.
- Recommended unit power in kW (found using the previous formula).
In technical documents, manufacturers indicate average fuel consumption values. If you calculate everything yourself, it will be clear that 10 kW power with an efficiency of about 92% required 1.12 cubic meters per hour blue fuel.
The necessary data is also calculated on the websites of gas boiler manufacturers and can be found in the technical documentation.
Useful video
Watch the video to learn how to calculate the power for a gas boiler.
Consequences of the wrong choice
In case of incorrect selection and installation, the premises will become a fire hazard — that is why there are so many requirements for installation. Never neglect calculations and compare the characteristics of the room, boiler performance and other data. Too powerful device when working at low power will quickly fail. Yes and equipment and fuel costs will be much higher, than they could be with the right choice of the device. So, the most important thing in installing a gas boiler is its choice according to its characteristics.
